Which international agreement aims to limit warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels?

• A. Kyoto Protocol
• B. Copenhagen Accord
• C. Paris Agreement
• D. Montreal Protocol

Answer: (C)

The key idea here is how a global framework coordinates countries to limit climate change by setting a common temperature goal and a flexible, country-driven process. The Paris Agreement does this by establishing a global target to keep warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, with an aspirational aim to stay at or below 1.5°C. It doesn’t prescribe fixed emission cuts for every country. Instead, each nation submits its own plan to reduce emissions—called a Nationally Determined Contribution—and updates it every five years. The agreement also requires transparent reporting and a global stocktake to assess collective progress, plus support for developing countries to implement their plans.

This combination of a shared temperature goal, voluntary but ongoing national commitments, and regular review is what makes the Paris Agreement the best answer. Other options don’t fit as neatly: the Kyoto Protocol imposed binding targets mainly on developed countries and didn’t cover all major emitters; the Montreal Protocol targets ozone-depleting substances rather than climate pollutants; and the Copenhagen Accord was a non-binding political statement with no universal framework.