Which region is projected to have the highest population growth rate in the coming decades?

• A. Africa
• B. Asia
• C. Europe
• D. South America

Answer: (A)

Population growth rate is driven by how many births occur relative to the size of the population and by the age structure of that population. In many African regions, fertility remains high and child survival has improved, creating a large number of births each year and a very young population. With a big base and many potential parents, the annual additions to the population are substantial, so the growth rate is the highest. Asia is aging and many countries have fertility at or below replacement level, which slows growth and can even lead to stabilization. Europe faces very low fertility and widespread aging, keeping growth minimal or negative in parts. South America’s fertility has declined from its higher levels in the past, so its growth is moderate compared with Africa.